Collectives

Reduction

C | Fortran-2008 | Fortran-90

MPI_Allreduce

Definition

MPI_Allreduce is the means by which MPI process can apply a reduction calculation and make the reduction result available to all MPI processes involved. It can be seen as a combination of an MPI_Reduce and MPI_Broadcast. MPI_Allreduce is a collective operation; it must be called by every MPI process in the communicator given. Predefined operations are: MPI_MIN, MPI_MAX, MPI_BOR, MPI_BXOR, MPI_LOR, MPI_LXOR, MPI_BAND, MPI_LAND, MPI_SUM and MPI_PROD. Other variants of MPI_Allreduce are MPI_Iallreduce, MPI_Reduce, MPI_Ireduce. Refer to MPI_Iallreduce to see the blocking counterpart of MPI_Allreduce.

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int MPI_Allreduce(const void* send_buffer,
                  void* receive_buffer,
                  int count,
                  MPI_Datatype datatype,
                  MPI_Op operation,
                  MPI_Comm communicator);

Parameters

send_buffer

A pointer on the buffer to send for reduction.

receive_buffer

A pointer on the buffer in which store the result of the reduction.

count

The number of elements in the send buffer, which is identical to that in the receive buffer as well.

datatype

The type of a buffer element.

operation

The operation to apply to combine messages received in the reduction. This operation must be associative, and commutative for predefined operations while user-defined operations may be non-commutative.

communicator

The communicator in which the reduction takes place.

Return value

The error code returned from the reduction.

Example

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mpi.h>

/**
 * @brief Illustrates how to use an all-reduce.
 * @details This application consists of a sum all-reduction; every MPI process
 * sends its rank for reduction before the sum of these ranks is stored in the
 * receive buffer of each MPI process. It can be visualised as follows:
 *
 * +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+
 * | Process 0 | | Process 1 | | Process 2 | | Process 3 |
 * +-+-------+-+ +-+-------+-+ +-+-------+-+ +-+-------+-+
 *   | Value |     | Value |     | Value |     | Value |
 *   |   0   |     |   1   |     |   2   |     |   3   |
 *   +-------+     +----+--+     +--+----+     +-------+
 *            \         |           |         /
 *             \        |           |        /
 *              \       |           |       /
 *               \      |           |      /
 *                +-----+-----+-----+-----+
 *                            |
 *                        +---+---+
 *                        |  SUM  |
 *                        +---+---+
 *                        |   6   |
 *                        +-------+
 *                            |
 *                +-----+-----+-----+-----+
 *               /      |           |      \
 *              /       |           |       \
 *             /        |           |        \
 *            /         |           |         \
 *   +-------+     +----+--+     +--+----+     +-------+  
 *   |   6   |     |   6   |     |   6   |     |   6   |  
 * +-+-------+-+ +-+-------+-+ +-+-------+-+ +-+-------+-+
 * | Process 0 | | Process 1 | | Process 2 | | Process 3 |
 * +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+
 **/
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);

    // Get the size of the communicator
    int size = 0;
    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
    if(size != 4)
    {
        printf("This application is meant to be run with 4 MPI processes.\n");
        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Get my rank
    int my_rank;
    MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &my_rank);

    // Each MPI process sends its rank to reduction, root MPI process collects the result
    int reduction_result = 0;
    MPI_Allreduce(&my_rank, &reduction_result, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

    printf("[MPI Process %d] The sum of all ranks is %d.\n", my_rank, reduction_result);

    MPI_Finalize();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}